Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1661-1676

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-14

Preparation and Optimization of Polyaniline /Titanium Dioxide /Carboxymethyl Cellulose Powder for Effective Nickel Adsorption

(Penyediaan dan Pengoptimuman Serbuk Polianilin /Titanium Dioksida / Karboksimetil Selulosa untuk Penjerapan Nikel Berkesan)

MICHELLE LI-YEN LEE¹, ISHAK AHMAD² & SOOK-WAI PHANG^1,*

¹Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT), Jalan Genting Klang, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Polymer Research Centre (PORCE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 14 March 2024/Accepted: 11 June 2024

Abstract

Hexanoic acid-doped polyaniline (PAni) is a great potential candidate to replace conventional adsorbent towards the removal of heavy metal waste from electroplating industry, especially nickel (Ni). In this study, different weight % (wt %) of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are added to form PAni composites with enhanced Ni removal efficiency. All the synthesized samples were examined with FTIR, UV-Vis, conductivity measurement, XRD, TGA, and FESEM to confirm their chemical structures, oxidation states, electrical conductivity, crystallinity and incorporation of metal oxide, thermal stability, and surface morphology, respectively. Among the different samples, PAni / TiO₂ 20 % exhibited the highest Ni removal efficiency of 37.5 %. Upon further addition of CMC, PAni / TiO₂ / CMC 5 % showed the highest Ni removal efficiency of 89.08 %. Optimization of the experimental parameters were conducted and a maximum Ni removal efficiency of 97.88 % was achieved at pH 10, 30 min contact time at a temperature of 30 °C, and with an adsorbent dosage of 0.01 g. This study shows that the composite of PAni / TiO₂ / CMC 5 % shows good potential to be applied as adsorbent of the removal of Ni ions.

Keywords: Adsorption; carboxymethyl cellulose; nickel; polyaniline; ternary composite

Abstrak

Polianilin (PAni) yang didopkan dengan asid heksanoik merupakan calon yang berpotensi besar untuk menggantikan penjerap konvensional ke arah penyingkiran sisa logam berat, terutamanya nikel (Ni), yang berasal daripada sisa industri penyaduran elektrik. Dalam kajian ini, % berat (berat %) titanium dioksida (TiO₂) dan karboksimetil selulosa (CMC) yang berbeza telah digunakan untuk memperoleh komposit PAni yang mempunyai kecekapan penyingkiran Ni yang dipertingkatkan. Semua sampel yang disintesis telah diperiksa dengan FTIR, UV-Vis, ukuran kekonduksian, XRD, TGA dan FESEM untuk mengesahkan struktur kimia mereka, keadaan pengoksidaan, kekonduksian elektrik, kehabluran dan penggabungan oksida logam, kestabilan terma, dan morfologi permukaan masing-masing. Antara sampel yang berbeza, PAni / TiO₂ 20 % menunjukkan kecekapan penyingkiran Ni yang tertinggi iaitu 37.5 %. Selepas penambahan CMC, PAni / TiO₂ / CMC 5 % menunjukkan kecekapan penyingkiran Ni yang tertinggi iaitu 89.08 %. Pengoptimuman parameter uji kaji telah dijalankan dan kecekapan penyingkiran Ni maksimum sebanyak 97.88 % telah dicapai pada pH 10, 30 minit masa sentuhan pada suhu 30 °C dan dengan dos penjerap sebanyak 0.01 g. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa komposit PAni / TiO₂ / CMC 5 % menunjukkan potensi yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai penjerap penyingkiran ion Ni.

Kata kunci: Karboksimetil selulosa; komposit ternari; nikel; penjerapan; polianilin

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*Corresponding author; email: phangsw@tarc.edu.my